Símbolos de corrección

When I correct papers, I often use the following shorthand for grammatical errors.

A

 

Accent error.  The word needs an accent mark if it doesn't have one, or, if it has one as written, it is wrong: either the word needs no accent, or the accent is over the wrong vowel.

 

F
or
 C
Error in conjugation of a verb, or an error in some derived verb form (e.g., "Juan *quiería salir" for "Juan quería salir," "la puerta estaba *abrida" for "la puerta estaba abierta")

 

Cog

 

False cognate ("sopa" for "jabón", "ropa" for "soga")

 

D Dictionary error (e.g. "banco" for "orilla" or even "morderse las uñas" for "comerse las uñas; other common examples are confusions between pedir / preguntar, salir / dejar, and saber / conocer )
EXP  Not just incorrect word, but the whole expression needs to be changed, e.g.,  "*Es muy frío*" for "Hace mucho frío."

 

F Incorrect form (often a "regularized" adjective, e.g. "una niña muy *jóvena" for "una niña muy joven").  (Sometimes F is also used for conjugation errors.)

 

G Gender error: *la tema for el tema, *el mano for la mano, etc.  Sometimes such errors are marked as NAG errors, as the article is a special form of adjective.

 

GUS Problem with gustar construction, e.g., "Juan le gustan las flores" for "A Juan le gustan las flores."

 

M Mood error (if subjunctive, change to indicative, and vice versa)

 

Nag Noun agreement error (wrong gender and/or number reflected in the articles or adjectives modifying the noun):   "Las muchachas *altos," for example, instead of "las muchachas altas."

 

NE No Existe (a made-up word or expression that does not exist in Spanish, e.g. *"en facto" for "en realidad", or *"la aborción" for "el aborto").  If you aren't absolutely sure of a word, look it up in a Spanish-English dictionary.

 

O Orthographic (i.e. spelling) mistake, e.g., *pas for paz or *demonstrar for demostrar.

 

P Wrong word in this context.  Example: "Ese es el restaurante de que me *dijiste" [for "de que me hablaste"].

 

POPA Por / Para mistake.  If por replace with para, and vice versa.

 

PRIM Preterit/Imperfect confusion (if preterit, change to imperfect, and vice versa)

 

Ref Reflexive (if written as a reflexive, change to non-reflexive, and vice versa)

 

Sag Subject/verb agreement error, e.g. "Nosotras tienen hambre" for "Nosotras tenemos hambre."

 

S/E Ser/Estar confusion (if ser, change to estar, and vice versa)

 

T Any non-PRIM (=Preterit/Imperfect) tense error, e.g., "Hago el trabajo ayer" for "Hice el trabajo ayer."

 

 V Wrong verb in this context.  ("No bien a Carlos" for "No conozco bien a Carlos," or "Ella no es aquí" for "Ella no está aquí.")

 

+ Any especially nice touch in expression or style

 

^ Something is missing, such as "Vemos María" for "Vemos a María," or "No habla con las personas no conoce bien" for "No habla con las personas que no conoce bien."

 

 Untitled-1.gif (269 bytes)   Invert word order (e.g. "el *rojo libro*" for "el libro rojo")

 

/ Leave out, strike.  For example: "Buscamos *para* el restaurante" for "Buscamos el restaurante.".

 

? I'm not sure of your meaning.

 

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Gramática electrónica

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