Calculate a mean with Excel.

1) Enter your data in a single column. Start with a meaningful label; enter each data point in separate cell under that label.

2) Highlight the column of values plus one or two empty cells at the bottom.

3) Click on the Σ icon.

4) The sum for your values will appear in the last empty cell in the column.

5) Click on the next empty cell in that column.

6) Type an "=" then enter the cell address for the sum (e.g. B29) followed by "/" and the number of observations. You should have something like this =B29/28. When you hit the enter key the mean will appear in that cell.

Calculate a standard deviation with Excel (the long way).

1) Label the column next to your data "mean-x."

2) In the cell next to your first value enter an equation for the mean minus x. For example, =37.5-B2. In that case my calculated mean is 37.5 and the first data point is in cell B2. (I could also use an equation that looks like =$B$29-B2. In this case B29 is the cell that contains my mean.)

3) Highlight the cell that contains your equation.

4) Click on the copy icon.

5) Highlight the column of cells next to your data.

6) Click on the clipboard icon to copy the equation to those cells.

7) Start a new column labeled squared deviations.

8) Enter an equation in the cell next to your first data point = C2^2.

9) Copy this equation to the other blank cells in that column using steps 3 through 7.

10) Use steps 2 through 6 in the instructions for calculating a mean to calculate the sum of the squared deviations and the average squared deviation.

11) Immediately below the average squared deviation enter the equation =SQRT(D30) (D30 should be the address of the average squared deviation) to obtain the standard deviation.

Calculate Z scores with Excel.

1) Label a new column z scores.

2) Enter the following equation in the first blank cell in the same row with your first data point, =($B$29-B2)/$D$31. The first address ($B$29) refers to the mean you calculated, the second address (B2) refers to your first data point and the third address ($D$31) refers to the standard deviation you calculated.

3) Copy this equation to the remaining blank cells in this column.